Definition
and models Stress is a reaction opposed to an internal or external stimulation that brings a person out of balance on
a short or prolonged period. The sources of stress are called stressors and can be perceived by a person as positive (eustress)
or negative (distress).
To understand the process initiated by a stressor, we can recourse to models. Among the
many models that exist today, two are of particular relevance.
The first one is from SELYE, who is often quoted in business management books.
- a STRESSOR is present - PHASE 1 it leads to activate an ALARM at body
level - PHASE 2 it activates as a consequence some RESITANCE mechanism where attemps are made to cope
with the situation - PHASE 3 if the body cannot resist any more, physical EXHAUSTION comes into play
and the psychological break down can begin
A second one from LAZARUS, more directly relevant when it comes to reduce stress using
mindfulness practice. - a STRESSOR is present - this leads to a PRIMARY APPRAISAL
to assess if the stressor is beneficial, harmeful, threathening or challenging - as a follow up a
SECOND ASSESSMENT takes place to define if it is possible to cope (if yes, little stress experienced;
if not, a lot of stress is present).
Stress at work
Common stress builders at work originate in: * the absence of clear
goals and responsibilities * the need to interact with others (bosses and peers) under time pressure * the unexpressed divergence of views * the lack of acknowledgement of individual needs * the misunderstanding of individual needs * the lack of space to channel creative energies *
the conflic of the employee values and the corporate values * the difficulty to say no
Stress and means
to release it should be close in time and space to increase the chances to improve and obtain a more optimal work-life-balance.
